IT Knowledge Base

I had Nagios running on a VM and the primary partition had almost no space left. Here the steps I had to do to expand the Partition.

1. Prepare the VM
1. Shutdown VM
2. Remove all Snapshots (Otherwise you can’t expand the HD)
3. Expand the Hard Drive
4. Make a Snapshot again in case something goes wrong

2. Check the State
Show all partitions and note the infos somewhere

fdisk -l

3. Find out the Start and the End Sector of the unallocated Space
Well the only way I found out was was actually to create an additional partition.

1. fdisk /dev/sda
2. n (new partition)
3. p (primary)
4. 3 (free number)
5. Enter (Note the default Start Number)
6. Enter (Note the default End Number)
7 w (To write/save it)

And now it looked like this and from the /dev/sda3 can I see now the last sector which is 5221:

First of all I didn’t understand why are the sectors from /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda5 overlapping. After some research it made sense because without and extended partition there would be a limit of just 4 primary partitions. This means that the /dev/sda2 is actually the container of the logical partition /dev/sda5.

Secondly I didn’t want to have a seperate partition /dev/sda3, instead I wanted to expand the /dev/sda1. But this is going to be a problem because we would need the sectors next to it and this would be overlapping with /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda5.

So with all previous information it is now easy to calcualte all Start and End Sectors of the partitions and the result should look like this

4. Repartition Everything
Now to get the result above we need to repartition everything.

1. First of all we need to switch off swapping so that the partiton /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda5 can be deleted
swapoff -a
2. fdisk /dev/sda
3. Delete all partitions even the /dev/sda1
d (Trough all numbers)
4. Recreate all partitions with the Start and End Sectors we calculated. /dev/sda1 should be a primary and the /dev/sda2 an extended. Then add the /dev/sda5 which is a logical in /dev/sda2.
n
5. With the /dev/sda5 I changed the Partition ID to SWAP
t
82
6. Save it
w

Switch swapping back on swapon /dev/sda5

4. Make sure the Kernels takes modified partition table into account
Now the partition table has been modified but the Kernel doesn’t take it to account yet.

partx /dev/sda

This command should fix this but I also rebooted the machine.

5. Finally expand the Partition
resize2fs /dev/sda1

Now you should have it. You can check the result with df.

Even I installed the VMWare Tools I wasn’t able to change the resolution. At the end I found out that I had to increase the video card memory from 4 up to 32. Now it works like a charm.

Run first:
find . -name "*.bak" -type f

If you decided to delete run:
find . -name "*.bak" -type f -delete

I already made once a tutorial how to install OwnCloud on Debian. But since then you can find it in the repository of aptitude and is therefore much easier to install.

1. apt-get update
2. apt-get install owncloud
3. apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
4. Create DB and User
   mysql –u root –p
   CREATE DATABASE owncloud;
   CREATE USER owncloud@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’;
   GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON owncloud.* TO owncloud@localhost;
   flush privileges;
   quit
5. Create Directories
   mkdir /var/owncloud
   chown www-data:www-data /var/owncloud
   chmod 750 /var/owncloud
6. Run owncloud
   http://yourip/owncloud/
7. Username: owncloud
   Password: Password you have picked for the DB.
   DB Name: owncloud
   Hostname: localhost
8. Activate HTTPS
   a2enmod ssl
   a2ensite default-ssl
   service apache2 restart

After that you just need to install the OwnCloud clients on your devices and then you are ready to go.

The syntax is following:
sendEmail -v –f $EMAIL_FROM -s smtp.gmail.com:587 -xu p$USERNAME –xp $PASSWORD –t $EMAIL_TO -o tls=yes –u $SUBJECT –m $MESSAGE

But after I tried it I got following message:
ERROR => No TLS support!  SendEmail can’t load required libraries. (try installing Net::SSLeay and IO::Socket::SSL

This fixed the problem:
apt-get install libio-socket-ssl-perl libnet-ssleay-perl

vi ~/.bashrc

To color it red change PS1 to:
export PS1=’\[\e[1;31m\][\u@\h \W]\$\[\e[0m\] ‘

After that you need to save it and reload it with:
source ~/.bashrc

I love the program treesize on windows and I was looking for a script to do the same on linux.

Thanks to Andrew who made this neat script:

Run the following command in your console:

# uname –a

32-bit

• i386/i686

64-bit

• x86_64

Just edit the name in these two files:
# vi /etc/hostname
# vi /etc/hosts

After that restart the server:
# shutdown –r now

You could also just restart the network. But this was the lazy and easier way;-)